Theories of the Universe

The Universe is ever expanding, and its accelerating. But what could possibly imply that the universe could collapse into a single atom? Studies by astrophysicists shows that the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. So, the universe has a beginning and an end? Or is it possible that the universe is a repeating cycle?

String theory was proposed in the 1960’s. It was developed to be a unity between Quantum mechanics and Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. This theory explained most of the events that occurred around the time of young universe. The theory is that all matter are complex strings whose vibrations can determine the properties.

Then came the Big Bang Cosmology, along with the idea of Inflation. These theories state that at the time of birth of the universe, it became very large in such a small time, when the universe was less that a second old. This sudden inflation, with huge gravitational differences, caused the formation of huge splotches found in the universe. These were found by scientists while determining the speed of the expansion of the universe when it was way younger (around 300,000 years old). 

There were other cosmologies, that emerged due to the complexity in the pressure, temperature and density differences in the early stage of the universe. The most popular of them is the Ekpyrotic Universe, which means ‘Conflagration’ in Greek. With this theory, it was hard to explain the splotches that we saw earlier in the baby universe. Because, scientists have to implement very vague physics, due to the enormous difference in the magnitudes of energies involved in the process, from the energies that they see usually. This means that the theory states that there is no existence of galaxies, stars, planets, and humans, which is clearly not ideal.

Then came the S-Brane Theory. A Group of scientists wanted to make the Ekpyrotic cosmologies more respectable, and came up with the S-Brane Theory. String theory was the root of that cosmology. But strings were considered to be one dimensional. What if they are multi-dimensional? They were called Branes. But, this time, it worked a little bit differently. Branes’ properties were considered in an instant of a time, while strings can move freely. There were more conditions for Branes too.

In this new scenario, an S-Brane appeared when the universe came into existence. This S-Brane triggered an expansion, also known as the Big Bang, with small variations in temperatures, which caused the formation of splotches, and lots of matter and radiation was ejected, which lead to the formation of everything around us now.

But, a big one, is this the most accurate idea? Or is this correct? Maybe not. The string theory was doubted recently due to the failures of the Hadron Collider on finding hints at a concept of Supersymmetry, which is the base of the String theory. Also, we know that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, and scientists have found no evidence of the universe stopping the expansion. The earliest events that occurred during young universe are the most interesting puzzles and challenges to modern physics for a long time.